Notes on the cruellest month

Not only the title, but the underlying ideas and structure were inspired by The Waste Land by TS Eliot. The quotes were heavyhanded at times, forced at others... usually, the poem was meant to sit underneath the project or in the back of my head as I wrote. I honestly can’t remember what spurred the connection. Sometime in March, I was thinking about Uncanny X-Men #394 and the poem and something clicked and I went for it. The entire month-long project was not meant to be a replication of Another View despite being in the same mould. It was a bit more serialised, a bit more freeform. The eventual shift into other issues from the run was unexpected/unplanned and, really, if I were to actually adhere to the structure of The Waste Land, it would have been five issues. I realised too late that doing a fifth issue, either issue 400 or the annual, would have rounded things out a little more and not left, from my perspective, a bit of a gap.

Despite my education in English literature (four years of undergrad, two of grad school), I’ve never been a big poetry person. I’m too literally minded. I struggle to think in metaphor at times. I don’t always have the patience. And, yet, I’m very quite fond of TS Eliot. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” is my favourite poem and the first one that I encountered, which is probably a little unsurprising. Upon doing that poem in a first year class, I went out to the campus bookstore and bought a nice little Everyman’s Library Pocket Poets edition dedicated to him. “Prufrock” remains my favourite, though I’d concede there’s more to The Waste Land, obviously. Some of the connections I found as I went...

1. While I loved the title, I loved the little graphic that I made with some pencils by Ian Churchill from Uncanny X-Men #394 and a snippet from The Waste Land from a picture of one of the early printed editions. I never did go back to find where that “listen until you figure the song out” theory came from. This was a purposefully unusual (for me) to start the project.

2. The theory that Joe Casey’s work is about what comes “after” has been a personal contention for years.

3. I never saw it through, but it was here that I considered really focusing in on the influence of Casey’s Uncanny run on Grant Morrison’s New X-Men run, and the way that Casey seemed to set up a number of story/plot/character beats for Morrison. That could be a coincidence, Morrison being quite good at taking existing ideas and integrating them (like X-Corps), or even Casey aware of Morrison’s plans and foreshadowing some of them. In the end, I chose to shy away from an in-depth comparison, preferring allusions and snarky insinuations that Morrison ripped off Casey, because that amused me.

4. Karl Jirgens.

5. Aside from attacking Cape Citadel, I was struck by how little similarities between Uncanny X-Men #394 and The X-Men #1 actually were present. Given the time period, unless Casey had a copy of the first X-Men Marvel Masterworks, there was a very good chance he had no actual reference material to that comic. He had the equivalent of what Warp Savant has: a new report/summary of events taken from a distant point. Casey seems to use the very broad framework of the idea of Magneto attacking the base and goes from there.

6. Most of the quotes from Casey or anecdotes about the making of the run were taken from his newsletter. In the lead-up to Weapon X-Men, he did a multi-part breakdown of his run, going issue by issue (or by chunks) to give some context and insight – and backwards perspective. He’s pretty honest about the run’s failings and I’d say a bit too hard on himself. Despite the good humour he writes the ‘recolleXions’ with, you can tell that this run is still a sore spot, both creatively and professionally. It was a pretty spectacular failure on both fronts. An interesting failure, I’ve long contended and full of more depth than people give it credit. After a while, I gave probably a bit too much attention to advocating for it, I suppose.

7. Casey mentioned the ‘penis arm’ on Wolverine on the cover and I’m not sure if I’ve ever quite seen it. I think I have?

8. Logan is kind of a shitty dude in this issue.

9. The inclusion of Warren in the first issue was a bit fortuitous and possibly an indication of some ideas bubbling under the surface for Casey. I think I found some compelling reasons for his inclusion – his past crush on Jean was one of those ideas that I thought of as I was writing the piece.

10. It’s definitely possible that Unreal City was the connecting point between the comic and the poem. Unfortunately, the label on the fence is City Hell. I wish my note for 5 was something I thought of to include here. Alas...

11. Was Warp Savant Bugs Bunny or more like Daffy Duck? I mentioned Bugs because of the kiss, but Daffy was always the more antagonistic of the two. If you had to pick a ‘villain,’ that you root for in Looney Tunes, it’s Daffy Duck. Later, when I made this reference again, I made sure to include Daffy as a result.

12. Whenever I’ve done a project like this, there inevitably comes the piece where I think I’ve completely wasted the day. By the end, there are several. This was the first one. It’s not only that my mindset is so far removed from these hypothetical new readers, it’s that I don’t respect the concept. I can’t even pretend. I set myself up for failure – and wound up making a point that I thought was much needed about the issue. There have been too many movies at this point for anyone to care, but the idea of making comics to appeal to ‘regular’ folks who saw the movies was such a prevalent idea at one point and it always frustrated/infuriated/disgusted me. I grew up with comics in my house and was a newsstand kid who’d pick up whatever looked interesting. I always followed along just fine. These ideas are, at their core, insulting. They assume that non-comics readers are too stupid to understand most comics and that most comics are too impenetrable for non-comics readers. It’s basically a “comics suck, but people are too stupid to get them anyway” mentality that I never understood. You literally didn’t need to have read any past X-Men comic to understand Uncanny X-Men #394. Liking it was a whole other idea...

13. “starless inscrutable hour” is from “Whoroscope” by Samuel Beckett. On the bookshelf next to my bed, right near my pillow, I have the four volume Grove Centenary Edition of the complete Beckett, edited by Paul Auster. While waiting for my wife to get ready for bed, I often pick up volumes and I had picked up the fourth volume some time before this piece, which contains the poems, short fiction, and criticism. “Whoroscope” is a poem clearly influenced by The Waste Land and seemed like a suitable place to take the title as I jumped to a new issue. I had the idea for a few days before doing so and I think the twelfth edition pushed me over the edge to do it. It meant finding a suitable line to use for the title, a suitable image, and to do another graphic. I don’t recall if I knew right then that I would do more than this. I don’t believe so. I remember wanting to discuss Chamber since he was, initially, a big part of Casey’s conception of what his X-Men run would be about... and, then, he wasn’t...

14. I always thought Chamber was from Australia for some reason. He’s actually British.

15. I tried to address issue titles, but found them oddly worthless (aside from “Rocktopia Part 8 of 5” of course). I worked in the title to issue 395 in this piece rather hamfisted. I did like the idea of mutants as God’s nepobabies as the real reason why they’re so hated.

16. 

17. I don’t like the title “Playing God.” I don’t think it suits the issue at all. I tried to make it work. What I never found a place for and did want to discuss at some point was the title page of the issue. I really hate that page. The text choices and layout are both terrible. The visuals are fine with the blood cells making a double helix and the little circle headshots. But, the title over the X-Men logo followed by the combining the name/bio of each character with a creative credit was clunky and confusing. Easily the worst part of the comic.

18. The Waste Land lines 128-130.

19. “Whoroscope” lines 66-67.

20. Part IV of “The Waste Land: FiveLimericks” by Wendy Cope. I was oddly proud of the idea of discussing the influence of Chris Claremont on these issues by rewriting parts of the poems that I took the titles from. At whatever point I decided to do more than the two issues, I went looking for further Waste Land-influenced poems and came across Cope’s Limericks, where she does five limericks, summarising each part of The Waste Land. Hilarious and clever, I love them. “In April one seldom feels cheerful;” is how she begins the first Limerick, so it seemed like a natural choice to play off “April is the cruellest month.” The text over the eyes was harder to find here and was taken from some project where people wrote out poems by hand. Sizing was an issue, but I figured, by this point, clarity wasn’t essential.

21. Settling old business.

22. I was initially unimpressed with Warren’s speech and this piece was me talking myself into thinking it was actually really clever and well done.

23. Why Adventures of Superman #612 and the rest of Casey’s final year on the book matters so much.

24. I shied away from Jean’s privilege and the ways that she may or may not encourage Logan’s feelings towards her. I had a paragraph half-written that touched on the Susan Richards/Namor thing, too, another trope that I’ve always hated. I took it out because it didn’t feel right, particularly in what happens this issue – and how the issues between her and Scott actually play out in New X-Men.

25. I was never prouder than discovering the line “April is the coolest month” in “The Waste Land” by John Beer. His poem is part parody, part sequel, part its own thing. It’s much larger and funnier than Eliot’s poem. I couldn’t find a great image for the text, so I highlighted it and used that, giving the fourth graphic a bit of a pop. I really do love the title “Rocktopia Part 8 of 5,” but discovered something odd: when Casey wrote about the issue in his newsletter, he referred to it as “Rocktopia Part 5 of 8,” and had a picture from the comic showing that. I had to doublecheck the issue for myself and mine shows 8 of 5. I think that I gave a pretty good explanation for the numbering, too. 8 of 5 is far superior. I guess it was meant to be 5 of 8 and was corrected after the fact or someone changed it thinking the numbering was a mistake, and Casey doesn’t remember the original.

26. Jack Kirby and Sean Phillips, fuck yeah.

27. I fully intended to push the idea of Nightcrawler as the mutant missionary in Casey’s run and the way it prefigured his role in Krakoa and it never felt right.

28a. The Waste Land lines 27-30.

28b. The Waste Land lines 108-110.

28c. The Waste Land lines 301-302.

28d. The Waste Land lines 385-390.

The idea of doing a single post jumping between the four came earlier and it seemed like a logistical nightmare to pull off well if kept in a single post. Doing four posts, all with the same number, based around a singular theme was much better. I wrote these somewhat as a single piece, albeit more like parts of a single piece. As always, I ignore the art and that seemed like a logical place to bring the four issues/titles together, particularly under the argument of how the art impacted the idea and execution of Casey’s run. Ian Churchill is so associated with the run, but he didn’t do three full issues. Ron Garney only did two. Sean Phillips did the most and, yet, he’s not really thought of as the artist of this run for obvious reasons.

29. I used the term ‘comicbooks’ throughout the project, because that’s Casey’s preferred way to write it. The idea that this run was actually part of a larger tapestry/tradition came late, well after the idea that it was the precursor to Krakoa in many ways. I almost leaned into that idea hard, but eased off for whatever reason. I referred in passing at some point to misquoted lyrics because Warp Savant quotes from the song “Black Diamond” by Kiss (off their eponymous debut) but gets words wrong. He sings “Darkness will fall on the city... seems to fall on you, too,” but the lyrics is “seems to follow you, too.” I debated writing about that for an edition at one point. It seemed a little unseemly to focus on Casey shoving in a line from another piece of art somewhat randomly and incorrectly...

I don’t know if this piece – or the project as a whole – works. It did what it need to for me. But line 252 from The Waste Land does sum it up nicely.

the cruellest month 29

X-Men comicbooks are about X-Men comicbooks are about superhero comicbooks. Uncanny X-Men #394 is an X-Men comicbook and a superhero comicbook and a Joe Casey comicbook and an Ian Churchill comicbook and. The intersection of multiple. The shadow of Claremont and the shadow for Hickman. Another brick in the wall. Modernist and postmodernist and oh what’s the difference anyway. Did I? Did it?  Too cruel, too cool.

A perfect piece of popart that speaks to me because the process of creating the comicbook is the process of reading the comicbook. “Reading and rereading and pondering and rereading and pondering on and on for decades has not been an effective process, so I will attempt to write my way into insight. All of my best ideas come at the keyboard.” Go in with a vague idea, sit down, bang away, come away with a chunk of something and keep going until you get somewhere. Casey kept writing until he figured it out; I’ve kept writing until I figured it out. Did I? Have we arrived at the elusive insight? And so, declarative statements:

Uncanny X-Men #394 was a misstep. Uncanny X-Men #394 was a mismatch. Uncanny X-Men #394 was a misfire. Uncanny X-Men #394 was not a mistake. Uncanny X-Men #394 was not a mistake. Uncanny X-Men #394 was not a mistake.

You can’t just reach in and pluck these comicbooks out, you know. You may or may not have read them, but they’re part of the linear progression of the comicbook. Davis, Claremont, Casey, Austen... you don’t get one without the one before. And so it goes until you eventually land upon Hickman or Gillen or whomever and you don’t get there without here. You don’t get Quentin Quire without Warp Savant. You don’t get Hickman mutant economics without Casey mutant economics. The emphasis in Uncanny X-Men #394 is on interpersonal soap opera, because that’s what matters. It doesn’t matter that Casey wouldn’t continue that particular soap opera subplot, because it’s a river and you jump in, you jump out. I must have mentioned somewhere why I love taking the bus (aside from its cheap convenience): the bus does not care about you. There’s no monetary privilege of a cab or an Uber where you take me where I want because I pay you. The bus does its route and how many people get on and off does not matter because the bus does its route. Mainstream franchise superhero comicbooks are the bus. Casey got on the bus at stop 394, got off at stop 409, and it kept going. Not everyone understands that they’re riding a bus when they take on a project like this. Casey understands. He drops the Scott/Jean/Logan stuff into his issue and never touches it again, left for another passenger. He leaves a Nightcrawler plot behind, on the seat, purposefully. He gets it.

Uncanny X-Men #394 prefigures “Rocktopia Part 8 of 5” by being a single issue. Decidedly not for the trade. It is in the Poptopia trade, because I own that. It and issue 399 sit somewhat awkwardly on either side of the four-issue storyarc, settling into a typically-sized six issue package that doesn’t end neatly or nicely. Casey tries to be commercial, because it’s his career and he wants to have it last and make money to live and pay bills and all of that... but the dude cannot help himself. It’s a constant push and pull with him. Take the big gig, have no real desire for it. Need to kick it off with a bang, don’t use any of your book’s characters. Get paired with the flashy artist, deliver mopey shoegaze scripts.

You know Reveal? Sure y’do. If you know Casey and Sean Phillips, then you know Reveal, because it has “Autopilot” in it, the short comicbook stab at autobiographical fiction by Casey. Each of his three major gigs from this period get a page with Phillips going all out with visual allusions. And I quote:

The FIRST movie was successful. The SOURCE MATERIAL, on the other hand...

It’s the big FRANCHISE team. The heavyweight champs. Another rung on the career ladder...

Okay, you admit... there are some underlying ANALOGIES involved that interest you. The FREAKS who inherit the Earth. The OUTCASTS that find solace amongst themselves. What was UGLY has become BEAUTIFUL.

Whatever.

They offered you the gig. You took it. You did your job. Big sales. Big royalties. Big heat. Okay, not your BEST work, but you don’t regret these things when you’ve just bought a HOUSE...

You think it MEANS something to work on the top-selling franchise. You think you’ll feel DIFFERENT...

...until you GET there and discover the editorial office is more CONFUSED than the thirty years of FICTIONAL CONTINUITY you don’t really want to reference anyway. You’ve got your OWN convoluted continuity to deal with...

Typical, in its way. That final paragraph/caption rings false, to me. Casey reveled in referencing “the thirty years of FICTIONAL CONTINUITY.” He loves that shit. He began his run by referencing the oldest bit of continuity, going back nearly FORTY years to do so. One of the big visual beats is an allusion to the first cover. As I always round my way back to: Wizard named him the next Kurt Busiek for a reason. Hell, he’s been annotating his current Weapon X-Men series in his newsletter with the various references he’s managed to pack in. There’s a bit of know-it-all punk kid to this impulse. That “look at what I’ve read” sort of thing. Certainly nothing that I relate to. Let us go then, you and I...

Warp Savant – Warps Avant

Casey does a great little verbal bookending to his run. Issue 394 ends with Cyclops saying, “LET MOVE, PEOPLE. / NO ONE EVER CHANGED THE WORLD BY JUST STANDING AROUND...” Issue 409 ends with Wolverine saying, “LIKE, I SAID, PAL... IT’S A NEW WORLD. / WE’VE CHANGED IT MORE THAN ONCE. WE’LL CHANGE IT AGAIN.” Change or die. That’s all Warp Savant is trying to do. Change something. Change himself. Change his world. Sometimes, you do that by giving it a kiss on the head before you disassemble it. Sometimes, you do that by taking away the toys. He removes some weapons of death and destruction; Warren Worthington III removes some chemicals of death and destruction. Why is one acceptable and the other not? There’s a certain privileged hypocrisy baked into superhero comicbooks – and X-Men ones in particular. A sense of superiority, not of mutants over humans... Xavier mutants over non-Xavier mutants. It’s about the school, the club, the team... when you’re in, you can do as you wish; when you’re out, you’re cannon fodder. You ask some and they’ll say to dismantle the military base and let the drugs flow freely. They don’t know what the master of them that do did, if you jump ahead to your Gillen and Xavier keeps the world on even keel. In a comicbook about evolution and survival of the fittest, there’s a certain tribalism, a certain might makes right at the heart. No one sees them as evil...

“I’M A MUTANT AND I’M EVIL!”

That youthful rebellion masquerading as nihilism. Pure id, pure Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck... putting the comic in comicbook. It’s traditional is what it is, going back to the beginning when men were men and villains were evil. The old ways coming back, patterns repeat, cycles and cycles and cycles and fragments shored. Plucking ruins from the past and colliding them, hoping to find meaning...

...I haven’t solved it, of course. That was my stated goal and I’m no closer, further away, perhaps. Frustrating. Out of grasp, unable to grasp. Warp Savant doesn’t matter. It’s a little sad, because he wanted to matter. He wanted this to matter. I did. It did.

‘Well now that’s done: and I’m glad it’s over.’

the coolest month 28

In this decayed hole among the mountains

In the faint moonlight, the grass is singing

Over the tumbled graves, about the chapel

There is the empty chapel, only the wind’s home.

It has no windows, and the door swings,

Dry bones can harm no one.

What can one say about Sean Phillips? He has been one of the premier artists working in mainstream comicbooks for the past two-and-a-half decades (and his work was damn good before that, but it was really Wildcats that seemed to push him more and more into the spotlight). For a time, it seemed like his main creative partner might turn out to be Joe Casey; instead, it was Ed Brubaker thanks to Sleeper, their Wildstorm book that wasn’t their first collaboration but was basically what made them partners ever since. I’m less interested in what Phillips brought to Uncanny X-Men #409 as I am in was if his presence was what finally made the book work.

His presence on Uncanny X-Men was first felt in issue 396, drawing anywhere from one to three (four?) pages, mostly in a manner to try and fit in with Ian Churchill’s art. Then, he was part of the issue 400 jam, came in with issue 404 and wound up doing five full issues all told. I don’t think it’s a coincidence that the title comes together once Casey is working with an artist he knows well and has worked with a lot, but it was also well into the run where he began to finally settle on a direction and obtain a comfort level with the characters. It’s hard to say how much was experience and how much was Phillips.

What I’m trying to imagine are the other issues I’ve discussed as drawn by Phillips. What would his Warp Savant been like? Something akin to the world we saw Voodoo or Cole Cash wandering through? There’s such a grounded realism in Phillips’s work that it’s hard to imagine him nailing the dreamscape of Warp Savant’s subconscious... but I’ve also seen Phillips do wild stuff like that. Those initial issues would have definitely had less of a glossy sheen, which works a little against Casey’s ‘pop eats itself’ ideas where the one area that really leaned into Churchill was the flashy nature of Sugar Kane.

The idea that Phillips would have executed naturally was the idea of the X-Men going out into the ‘real world’ beyond the Mansion. Wildcats and Hellblazer before and Sleeper and Criminal after demonstrate Phillips’s adeptness and comfort in drawing books grounded in the less fantastic, more realistic world. When he wasn’t trying to fit in with Churchill, he would have given a seedy, sad freakishness to the underground mutants. And his Mister Clean could have hit the right balance between action star and scummy shit. There’s no doubt that a run completely (or mostly) drawn by Sean Phillips would have been more cohesive and artistically satisfying as a whole, from the beginning...

But, would it have been better? Would Casey have been more focused and gotten a clearer direction to head in sooner? Was the inconsistent art the problem? Was it ill-matched artists? Does anyone consider Uncanny X-Men Annual 2001 a resounding success despite Casey and Wood being in pretty good sync as they rushed, eventually, towards Automatic Kafka? As tempting as it is to say that a Joe Casey/Sean Phillips Uncanny X-Men run would have worked, I’m really not convinced that a more simpatico artist alone would have saved the stalled enthusiasm of those early issues. Maybe it would have dampened expectations to a more manageable level given Churchill’s higher profile over Phillips... but, Wildcats was a bit of cult success and that maybe have raised expectations in a different way.

I wonder...

one seldom feels cheerful 28

I can connect

Nothing with nothing.

After Ian Churchill left the title, having done two-and-a-halfish issues, Uncanny X-Men went through a bunch of artists doing bits and pieces starting with issue 396. Oddly, the most consistent artist through issue 400 was Ashley Wood, probably not anyone’s first pick for one of Marvel’s franchise titles from a commercial standpoint. Issue 400, in particular, seemed to push the boundaries of an artistic jam that would decidedly not appeal to X-Men fans. Never mind the Sienkiewicz influence and his landmark work on New Mutants, placing Wood in the tradition. But, hey, there was also Cully Hamner and Eddie Campbell in that issue. Following that, Casey was paired with another popular headliner sort of artist, albeit one that matched up with him creatively better: Ron Garney. Their first issue together was the silent issue as part of Marvel’s ‘Nuff Said month where every comic had no dialogue or captions. That allowed Garney to ease in by dominating the book.

Uncanny X-Men #402 was the first ‘proper’ collaboration between the two where both had their hands untied. Garney’s line work isn’t quite as distinctive or flashy as Churchill’s but he’s surprisingly adept at establishing mood – and the final X-Corps designs are perfect. There’s a bit of visual alignment with Casey’s collaborators on Adventures of Superman, Mike Wieringo and Dustin Aucoin. A kind of blockiness to the forms. Garney isn’t quite as animated as Wieringo or as rough as Aucoin... he kind of delivers a middle ground between the two, still in continuity with two artists Casey was working well with.

Even still, the fit wasn’t perfect from what I could tell. Casey was progressing towards figuring out the title and characters, highlighting the trio of Nightcrawler, Iceman, and Archangel more, treating Chamber and Stacy X as supporting, ‘junior’ members, and leaning more into a thoughtful approach by the team, even if they come off as overly judgmental and reactionary in this issue. Instead, it’s X-Corps that provides the action for Garney to flex those muscles and show off. His action art is crisp and clean, never confusing. It flows better than Churchill’s panel to panel work, but is able to pull off some of those dramatic angle changes better. There’s a more natural storytelling logic to Garney’s art. One of the small details that I enjoy is that he always has the Blob break the panel borders.

Like Churchill, though, Garney didn’t last long before fill-ins took over (this was his last issue with Casey), and Sean Phillips became the de facto regular artist, completing the transformation into a Wildcats copy. There was, once again, no chance to find a groove and good working relationship. The X-Corps story would be finished by Aaron Lopestri and Phillips.

starless inscrutable hour 28

Under the firelight, under the brush, her hair

Spread out in fiery points

Glowed into words, then would be savagely still.

Joe Casey and Ian Churchill’s second issue, Uncanny X-Men #395, is a less successful comicbook. Churchill’s strengths from the previous issue are still on display, only less so. From what I can tell, there are two reasons for this: Casey’s script isn’t as tight or aimed at providing a big impression like on the previous issue with its one-off structure and mandate to kick off the new creative era; and, judging from the ensuing issues and Churchill’s quick absence, he was possibly already pushing to make deadlines (which is not meant to criticise Churchill as there are any number of reasons why this could have been the case, many outside of his control – I’m not here to litigate someone’s ability to hit deadlines, particularly with no knowledge of the situation).

That second point is partly contextual, partly the final sequence of the issue where Mister Clear attacks the mutants in the sewers, and that scene is Churchill’s weakest batch of pages. Although, to be honest, the first sequence in the sewers is also below Churchill’s other work. He seemed to really struggle with depicting the ‘freakish’ mutants. Even one that seemed relatively simple and in his comfort zone, the Cyclops, never really hits visually. It looks like Churchill could never get the one big eye in the middle of the forehead to look right. In a lot of panels, he has it shut, giving the character this big slit in his forehead that looks awkward.

The two characters that Churchill absolutely nails whenever they show up are Chamber and Nightcrawler. Chamber is such a visually dynamic character, even when standing still, due to the energy effect of his powers. His first appearance in this issue is among Churchill’s best: energy spewing from his chest, long leather jacket kinda blowing along with his hair, the tail of his shirt blown up to reveal his navel... it’s a magnificent introductory panel that just stop you dead. Nightcrawler is the opposite of Chamber, who doesn’t do anything physically dynamic but is visually appealing anyway. For Nightcrawler, Churchill leans into his leanness and agility and rarely has him simply standing like anyone else. It’s all flips and hanging upside down and weird bent-over-backwards yoga poses. Like Chamber, you get a real sense of who this character is just by looking at him.

The way this run lost its steam quickly is down to the disconnect between Casey and Churchill. Casey has said that Churchill was recruited first and, even knowing that, it doesn’t seem like Casey made enough of an effort to hit the artist’s strengths. Moreover, I’m not sure Casey was in the right space to do so. At the beginning of the run, he didn’t quite have a handle on a strong direction and his scripts meander a bit. Less action, more talking... more like Wildcats. Which is a shame, because I was actually excited by the combination of these two when they were announced on Uncanny X-Men back in late 2000. Both men had won over my approval thanks to the multi-year subscription that I had to Cable coming out of Age of Apocalypse where I was just a bit too naive/out of the loop to not know that X-Man wouldn’t go on forever and, while I got the final two issues of that series, it transitioned to Cable (rather than issue five of X-Man). That meant reading a bunch of Jeph Loeb/Ian Churchill issues (his cover to Cable #25 is still a favourite, speaking of a time where he nailed cramming a ton of figures/detail into an image – it was a gatefold cover, I believe) and, eventually, the first Joe Casey Marvel issue, Cable #51. While the two never worked together on that title, it was a nice coming together of people whose work I dug at different periods of the title on another X-book... and it didn’t work.

Just one of those things.

the cruellest month 28

And I will show you something different from either

Your shadow at morning striding behind you

Or your shadow at evening rising to meet you;

I will show you fear in a handful of dust.

Was it Joe Casey’s fault that his Uncanny X-Men run unfurled the way it did? Paired from the onset with Ian Churchill, it never felt like a smooth pairing, one of two creatives meshing, which is a bit of a prerequisite for a comicbook to be successful on nearly any level. Unless one of the two primary members of the creative team is doing such stellar work as to compensate for the other, it’s almost impossible for a comic to really hit if there isn’t some level of harmony. While Casey would admit to his own failings when discussing Uncanny X-Men #394, I don’t think the mismatch with Churchill was as apparent in their first issue.

What’s readily apparent in Uncanny X-Men #394 is that Churchill’s strength is single images. He’s not a bad panel to panel storyteller, it’s that he really shines when he can try to hit a single, impactful visual that’s meant to arrest your attention. Flipping through the issue, almost every page has one or two panels that, taken on their own, at wonderful compositions. Usually, these images are built around a single focus. Churchill isn’t a George Perez kind of artist where you want to pack panels with tons of characters and objects. His more unsuccessful panels are where the focus is divided or there’s too much going on. The first page is practically perfect in the way each of the four panels have a single focus that he can make pop and draw your eye towards.

I think this is what Casey meant when he said that the inside of Warp Savant’s head wasn’t suited to Churchill’s skills and that he should have done a better job tailoring the script to his artist’s abilities. As written/requested, it seems like Casey wanted a chaotic realm full of random objects and subconscious tidbits, filling up every bit of every panel with details; except, Churchill’s best compositions are the ones where the background is minimal or absent. He’s so good at giving a character or two posed just right. From the cover to Cyclops’s turning to talk to Jean to Warp Savant charging into Cape Citadel or warping the general... It’s not about big panels or splashes necessarily, but really tight foci for Churchill to home in on and present in the best possible way.

For all its flaws, I think Casey gives Churchill a lot of opportunities to do that in this issue. As I said, nearly every page has a panel or two that absolutely sings. A big part of Churchill’s problem is that he appears to put too much emphasis into adding movement over the course of scenes, often by changing angles. That limits the effectiveness of panel to panel transitions, and winds up creating some awkward compositions. The page where Warp Savant does his little rant before Wolverine descends from on high is a great example with the middle panel opting for this odd angle from beneath the character before jumping to Wolverine’s perspective from above over the final two panels – both of which are quite good, particularly the transition from distant-above to closer-above perspectives. Another fantastic sequence of panels is on the second page, while in a club, Warp Savant looks at a bottle of alcohol in one panel, warps it in the next, and then keeps looking at us/the girls with an empty hand raised – all done from the same perspective with the same sized panels, it’s great, basic visual storytelling over successive images.

This issue provides a good indication of how to tailor scripts to Churchill’s strengths with a brisker-paced issue, lots of opportunities for single/dual character panels, and really simplifying the visuals requested. I don’t think Casey had enough lead time to really see that and alter his approach, nor did Churchill last on the book long enough.

the coolest month 27

Warren Worthington III buying himself a drug empire is something to naturally focus upon with its novel method of defeating a supervillain mutant. The focus of Uncanny X-Men #409 is not so singular, dividing its time between the acts of businessmen and the effects of their wares, advancing a subplot that Casey would never get a chance to see through... What exactly is going on with Nightcrawler?

Largely absent from the Warren/Vanisher plot, Nightcrawler is alluded to be of a differing opinion on how to proceed from Warren. By stepping back, Kurt is basically ceding leadership of the squad to Warren, a reversal from how the team was generally portrayed from issue 395. Part of this is the split on Warren’s plan; mostly, though, it has to do with the confrontation with Church of Humanity, its Supreme Pontiff, and the way that the group smashes up against Nightcrawler’s Catholicism. In issue 400, something happened with the Supreme Pontiff that Kurt doesn’t recall and he’s been increasingly erratic since then, struggling with a ‘crisis of faith,’ as he puts it to Warren in issue 407. In issue 408, he discovered that humans were using the Vanisher’s drug, one that gives humans a temporary mutation, often killing them in the process, in the basement of a Catholic church. Here, he confronts the cardinal of that parish, only to find him in the middle of injecting himself with the drug.

The ensuing mutation and battle is a bit heavyhanded with the cardinal screaming “BEGONE, DEMON!” as he transforms into a hulking form resembling that of the Thing, except with the black of the cracks and yellow/orange/brown of the stone reversed, and glowing red eyes. As Nightcrawler tries to subdue him, he yells “AT LAST I AM CLOSER TO GOD...!” to further demonstrate the subtlety of the scene. Three members of the Church of Humanity then teleport into the church, kill the cardinal for debasing himself and God, and, then, refrain from attacking Nightcrawler despite him being a mutant because “THE SUPREME PONTIFF HAS PLANS FOR THIS ONE,” teleporting away before Nightcrawler can stop them – which is, in and of itself, a lovely reversal to add an extra level of frustration.

In a final issue of a run, it’s a bit peculiar to include a scene like this. There is no point to Casey trying to further this subplot that he won’t resolve, except acting under the principle of the world he’s writing. This is the other side of the “interpersonal soap opera” of superhero comicbooks, where he could rush a conclusion, temporary or permanent, to this subplot... but, that’s not how things are done. Pick up the baton from the previous writer, pass it to the next... that’s the spirit of the work-for-hire writer in a shared universe. Even more than the Warren/‘mutant businessman’ plot, this one feels particularly unresolved. That story does end, to a degree, by Warren buying out the Vanisher’s men and putting a stop to the flow of drugs. Not every future threat can be solved by simply paying a bunch of money to some criminals, so this could be treated as a one-off resolution without too much cognitive dissonance. The Nightcrawler story, on the other hand...

If I recall, it would make up a decent chunk of Chuck Austen’s infamous run that followed Casey’s. In my head canon, it all ends here and how it plays out is unknown. I’m not sure if Casey even knows what happened next – or cared. But, what this shows is his dedication to the tradition of the form and the X-Men in particular. What’s an X-Men comic without a dangling mystery left by one writer for another to resolve? When Casey was on Cable, he began trying to resolve a previous mystery by bringing back The Twelve and, then, when he left the title in solidarity with Ladrönn, Alan Davis wound up finishing that story in the two main X-Men titles... and one of those plot points, Cyclops’s possession by Apocalypse, would linger enough to play a role in Casey’s first issue of Uncanny X-Men. There’s something fundamental about Casey’s love and respect for superhero comicbooks and the unwritten code about how you do them...

For all that he tries to push the boundaries, particularly at this point in his career, this is still a writer who grew up loving comicbooks. His Uncanny X-Men run is rooted in the tradition of the title, its history, and the shadow of Chris Claremont in particular. He started there and tried to write his way out, eventually hitting that point just in time to be shown the door. The Nightcrawler scenes are less about the character, for our purposes, then what their inclusion says about Casey’s approach to the job. Except, his approach is rooted in doing right by it and the characters... basically, there’s no concern about not finishing the story, it’s about continuing to tell it as long as he’s paid to and remembering that the real author is Marvel Comics. This is the end of Joe Casey’s Uncanny X-Men, not Uncanny X-Men.

the coolest month 26

You grow up thinking things have always been the way that they are. That something came into existence only a short time before you birth means nothing to you, because, for you, it’s always been there. As a result, sometimes, what’s novel or different isn’t actually so, harkening back to a time before you, even a short time before you. Part of growing up is learning different histories and realising the larger picture, that your narrow perspective actually skewed things. In superhero comicbooks, I’ve found the biggest area of obscured history is how the most well known characters settle into a softer version of themselves, with the edges rounded off, and, often, the dramatic changes or revolutionary new takes are sharpening those old edges once again. What I’m saying is, Warren Worthington III drugging the Vanisher and buying up his drug business isn’t the first time some morally ambiguous means were used to defeat the villain.

“HE’S PREDICTABLE AND GREEDY.”

Warren says that near the beginning of Uncanny X-Men #409, brimming with confidence about his plan to take down the Vanisher’s drug empire. The plan where he’s drugged via Stacy X’s pheromone controlling powers, undermined while in a bliss coma, and, then, has it all revealed to him over lunch at Tavern on the Green actually work incredibly well. Because Warren knows Telford Porter all the way back to the beginning when he first emerged on the scene, displaying nothing but greed and overconfidence that didn’t just make him predictable but had him boasting about what he would do before he did it. I spoke of rounded edges, well that never happened to Vanisher – he was always a piece of shit going back to The X-Men #2. An irredeemable shitheel that wouldn’t see much difference between robbing banks of money, the Pentagon of state secrets, or overseeing a drug empire.

No, the edges refer to Charles Xavier, the founder and philosophical head of the X-Men, who is constantly being built up and torn down, remembered as the paragon of virtuousness, revealed as another form of shitheel. Except, he was always a morally ambiguous man, willing to use his powers in ways that would eventually be frowned upon until it was ‘revealed’ that he always had done so. In The X-Men #2, the team and authorities have a hard time managing a man who can teleport at will, and are unable to defeat him as he leads an army of thugs against the X-Men on the grass of the White House. (Side note: it’s actually pretty cool that Professor X leads the X-Men into battle against the Vanisher and an army of regular street thugs on the White House’s front lawn.) Xavier’s method of defeating the Vanisher: erasing his memory of who he is and what he can do. Simple, efficient, effective, and, by the standards later set for the character and all telepaths, completely immoral. I wouldn’t even call it clever as Xavier uses his powers like any other X-Man.

That’s the one area of evolution from Xavier to Warren four decades later. The moral ambiguity is there in their methods – as is the knowledge that Porter is the type of smug asshole to think himself untouchable (his name ain’t Unus, though). In both cases, calling Porter out is what makes him so easy to neutralise. Warren’s plan has main elements, all equally important: Stacy X using her powers to take him out of commission for two weeks, buying him out while he’s away, inviting him to lunch, and Iceman freezing him mid-teleport. The first two elements are based in greed; the latter two are in his predictable overconfidence. Porter wants everything he can get, so he takes Stacy up on her offer – while he traffics in a world where greed is king and his own people hold no loyalty to him beyond a paycheck. When he’s awoken and it’s revealed that Warren engineered the forced timeout, he can’t resist taking Warren up on the invitation because he doesn’t think Warren can actually do anything to him. He underestimates how vulnerable he is as a ‘businessman’ – and in reality as it never occurs to him that the X-Men would basically kill him. He forgot that the X-Men have always fought dirty against him.

It’s funny how it seems so new and different, this plan, when it’s the same playbook as the one from The X-Men #2: call the guy out and kick him in the nards when he least expects it, which is whenever you want because he never expects it. Porter loses because he’s never changed, never grown... he may have faded into the shadows a little more, only barely. He still has to remind everyone he meets that he’s in charge, he’s powerful, he’s the man. The key panel is the look of shock on his face as he hears over the phone that Warren bought his people, that “HE’S RUNNING THE SHOW NOW.” It’s the same look he has on his face when Xavier begins messing with his mind, thinking “WHA... WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO ME? I CANNOT CONTROL MY POWER!! I CANNOT VANISH!!” Utter disbelief and panic, that sinking feeling in your gut as the world stops making sense.

What really strikes me is not only Warren’s comfort level with the morally ambiguous actions he endorses, it’s how much he enjoys it. He likes playing the smug rich asshole for Porter, calling him scum, letting him stew in his powerlessness in the form of a higher level of capitalism, and the fake magnanimity when he plasters on a grin to say “YOU CERTAINLY TRIED. I’VE GOT TO GIVE YOU THAT. / SORRY IT DIDN’T WORK OUT FOR YOU, PORTER.” Said as if it was a minor business deal no more important than what to order for lunch. It’s such a twist the knife move that it would feel cruel if the guy receiving it wasn’t so awful. It’s the final reminder that what beat Porter was Warren learning from Charles Xavier, who was kind enough to spell out his lesson at the end of The X-Men #2: “ALWAYS REMEMBER, MY X-MEN! .. THE GREATEST POWER ON EARTH IS THE MAGNIFICENT POWER WE ALL OF US POSSESS... THE POWER OF THE HUMAN BRAIN!”

Fittingly, after his first issue of Uncanny X-Men went back to The X-Men #1, Joe Casey’s last picks up with The X-Men #2.

the coolest month 25

Uncanny X-Men #409 is the end of Joe Casey’s tenure on the title. It lasted 19 issues plus an annual, and it only got better as it went, arriving here. At “Rocktopia Part 8 of 5.” “Rocktopia Part 8 of 5” remains one of my favourite comicbook issue titles of all time, if not the favourite. The play off Poptopia, the nod towards Casey’s rock and roll leanings, the jab at everything being a storyarc designed for a trade paperback... and the numbering would place it as the eighth part of a story that began with Uncanny X-Men #402, which ended in issue 406 with three subsequent issues that, along with the annual, were amongst the strongest of the run. At the end. After the clock had run out, after the story was over...

The final issue issues of the run are dedicated to wrapping up a story that Casey began in Annual 2001 with Ashley Wood where the Vanisher was reintroduced as a drug kingpin, supplying a drug based on mutant genes that temporarily give the user their own mutation. If I recall, that idea would show up in the Bendis/Maleev Daredevil. Here, it’s about ending the Vanisher’s little crime empire. And does it happen with a big brawl, the X-Men all in their leather bomber suit costumes, the Vanisher in that ridiculous headdress or whatever it was, surrounded by low level villains not even worth recruiting to the X-Corps? Of course not, because we’re beyond that now.

Picking up on Warren Worthington III’s speech to the G8 in issue 402, by this point, his suit is... well, a suit. His plan is simple: he has Stacy X use her powers to keep the Vanisher is in a two-week bliss coma and, during that time, he buys out the entire crew. From one end to another, the Vanisher comes out of it thinking he’s still on top and finds that money is the real superpower. Or, as Warren puts it:

“FIRST RULE OF THE NEW MUTANT ECONOMY... / ...OWNERSHIP.”

Of course, he then has Bobby Drake freeze the Vanisher mid-teleportation. Because, you know, money is only so powerful. There’s power and there’s power, and Warren, in this issue, is finally beginning to learn to tell the difference between them.

These final three issues of the run are separate from what came before, even if they flow from it. For one thing, Sean Phillips does the line art completely, finally bringing the Wildcats team onto the title the way it probably should have been from the get go. It’s a weird thing with superhero comicbooks where a writer will make their name, impress lots of readers and editors, be given a huge assignment... and paired with an artist nothing like the one they were working with when they impressed everyone so, and, then – then! – everyone wonders why they’re so less impressive. Here at the end, the Powers That Be finally relented and, if you wanted Uncanny X-Men done like Wildcats (usually, the other way around), you’ve got it. It’s hard not to watch the scene in the restaurant with Warren, the Vanisher, and Bobby, and not see Jack Marlowe and Cole Cash. (You’d think Wolverine would be Grifter here, but... actually, he kind of is too...)

Casey is fully into exploring different ways that superheroes can behave by this point. Wildcats shifting into Wildcats Version 3.0 to explore what it means when a corporation, legally treated like a person, is put towards being a superhero. Automatic Kafka where former superheroes keep living on well past the final issue. Adventures of Superman where the most powerful being on the planet, a hero known for always punching out the bad guy, dedicates himself to never throwing another punch. And, Uncanny X-Men, where the idea of ‘post-humanity’ lends itself to wondering how exactly mutants would begin to inherit the Earth, if not through the existing systems. During his meeting with the Vanisher, Warren makes a reference to running for political office, giving some indication of where things may have headed.

The issue begins with a clear statement of the new order (at the end) as Wolverine makes it clear that he doesn’t like Warren’s plan, preferring to go in claws popped and do things the usual way. Warren indicating that those methods don’t always work draws the response, “PLEASE. / GIMME AN EXAMPLE WHEN THEY HAVEN’T. / AND WHO’S GOT THE TRACK RECORD HERE...?” It’s an interesting point, that the usual superhero comicbook stories do always end the same way. Wolverine has always won by popping his claws, leaning on his healing factor, and seeing a little red. But, that doesn’t mean that Warren can’t win by flashing a little green...

What it also means is that the end point is still the same and never really in doubt. Casey’s got an inherent criticism built in from the beginning, that it’s still superhero comicbooks. Good versus bad, the former always winning. Do the methods actually matter? Is it just lipstick on a pig? I’d argue the opposite. If the results are always the same, then they’re irrelevant; all that matters is the means. Otherwise, why bother at all?

I sat upon the shore

Fishing, with the arid plain behind me

Shall I at least set my lands in order?

the cruellest month 24

Warp Savant is an entitled character. A young white man who uses words like “skanks” without much compunction as they seemingly hang off his every word, his entire attack on Cape Citadel is a temper tantrum disguised as rebellion. It’s an element that Grant Morrison hits harder in “Riot at Xavier’s” with Quentin Quire. What does Warp Savant seem to have to complain about? From what we see, he does what he wants, he has no problem attracting women, his mutant nature hasn’t made him a target... The brief glimpse into his life is one of privilege and comfort.

What do you do with your privilege? could be a theme of Joe Casey’s Uncanny X-Men run if you squint. It’s the progression of the run, I’d argue, and it does begin with Warp Savant and the X-Men in Uncanny X-Men #394.

Warp Savant uses his privilege to do whatever he wants for his own selfish reasons. It’s all id and whims and thoughtlessness. He evokes childishness with the mimicry of Bugs Bunny and the way he misquotes song lyrics. Even his introduction: alone, in a room with a computer. When he’s in the club with three women, he sits apart, barely wants to engage with them. He doesn’t even drink alcohol that we see, he just absorbs it with his powers. He’s playing at a certain image – he copies Magneto because he can’t actually think of anything his own. All he does is take, take, take, and cares little for anyone else.

Warren Worthington III expressing some sign of recognition in Warp Savant at the end of the issue is the smallest glimpse into what the run would eventually become. Worthington, despite his history with his wings, Apocalypse, and becoming Archangel, is also a man of privilege. We normally view him exclusively through the lens of his wings and blue skin despite his mutant abilities actually taking a back seat to his true source of power. Aside from the odd reference or brief glimpse, his immense wealth is rarely harnessed for any greater good or something beyond himself. What does Warp Savant live for? What does Warren?

You can extend this into the ‘interpersonal soap opera’ element of issue 394. Scott and Logan have their privileged positions. Scott, in the aftermath, of his possession at the hands of Apocalypse is taking his entire life for granted, to an extent, particularly his relationship with his wife. His coldness is partly an expression of who he is and what he’s feeling, but it’s also predicated on the knowledge that he can. He can be a distant, cold husband, and he’s relying on Jean to deal with it. The way that he emphasises the word ‘wife’ indicates how much he’s relying on the formalisation of their roles in their relationship to maintain the status quo that he’s also pushing against as he sees fit.

Logan, seeing this distance, tries to take advantage, taking for granted the idea that, if it weren’t for Scott, Jean would be with him. He has no problem, when the situation suits him, to acting as if her attraction to him is automatic and only limited by her wedding vows, like some technicality that she wishes weren’t there. When he kisses her and they seemingly face death, it’s his acting on this sense of entitlement, as if he’s owed that if he’s going to cease to exist. It wouldn’t be right for him to no longer be and not have Jean, an attitude that doesn’t end when they don’t die. There’s always a presumption, similar to Scott’s, that Jean is his on some level.

Warp Savant’s ‘death’ at the end is another act of privilege. Faced with the consequences of his actions, he chooses to avoid them – or control them, at minimum. We don’t know if he dies or what actually becomes of him. If he doesn’t die and, instead, lives in his own bubble world, then he basically opts out of consequences for a reality where he’s his own god. After all, his powers are based on the idea of control and overwhelming power over anything he chooses. It’s a lesson that, however subtle and seemingly unrelated, Warren learns from...

one seldom feels cheerful 23

The rot was there from the beginning for the X-Corps. At the end of Uncanny X-Men #402, Sean Cassidy goes to a secure room in some sub-basement and there’s Lady Mastermind held in a tank, forcibly awake, and Cassidy says, “TIME TO TEST YOUR LIMITS, LASS... / DON’T LET ME DOWN.” There are few moments in superhero comicbooks that so disappoint me. I’ve read many, many worse comics, sure. To disappoint is to fall short of expectations. In this case, the premise of Sean Cassidy starting up an alternative to the X-Men that could, at least, begin to actively challenge the hegemony of Xavier’s group, was enough. There had been other rival mutant groups, but none that were meant to be so explicitly an alternative. It was a hint of a step into something beyond the usual X-Men bubble where everything is X-Men or junior X-Men or violent X-Men or evil mutants. And, after less than a full issue devoted to the idea, it’s evil mutants. Again.

It often feels like one step forward, two steps back, doesn’t it? What bothers me is how unnecessary those two steps always seem, to me. I don’t see the point, the up side. If Casey were writing Deadpool as part of the cast, I’m sure we’d get a meta joke about ‘genre conventions’ or something equally witty and quippy meant to be cover up how bland and clichéd a creative choice it is. Cowardly is actually my preferred term for the choice. After an entire issue of setting up the X-Corps, facing hypocritical judgment from the X-Men, and seemingly overcoming them, it’s all undercut immediately. Immediately. It’s so goddamn cowardly and unoriginal and boring.

This comic came out a week or two after Adventures of Superman #612, an issue that showed more conviction and courage in the way it didn’t shy away from the ‘Golden Age’ Superman that appeared. A Superman that cared about social justice, not only supervillains. He took on crooked cops, abusive husbands, saved innocent men from death row, and was a reminder that, once upon a time, Superman was much more radical. At the end of the issue, as the fictional ‘Champion of the Oppressed’ is undone, he asks the real Superman to remember him and what he stood for, and the hero says he will. It’s a promise that doesn’t flinch or walk itself back.

The real problem with Uncanny X-Men #395 is that it doesn’t have any juice. Chamber saves a popstar. The X-Men encounter some mutants in the sewers. A bigot tries to kill them all. Compared to what came after Poptopia, this issue feels two-dimensional, like Joe Casey is writing on autopilot, waiting for real inspiration to strike. Throw together some stuff about ‘pop eats itself’ and X-Men comicbooks are about X-Men comicbooks, and maybe it will add up to something. Squint hard enough and you can find something, I’ll admit. Chamber is the perfect character, meandering through the issue, finding himself in a position for something big and not really trying.

Warp Savant is more appealing as a character. He’s a little shit, but he tries. An 18-year old does something foolish, seeing no real future in anything that Xavier’s crew has to offer. He paints a picture of some essential truth about Casey as he struggled to find his way into a gig that he just fell into. It’s not that he was too good for it or too cool or didn’t even have a problem with the X-Men. If he hated the title, that would have meant something with energy and feeling. Instead, it was sort of a big shrug and a resigned work his way through. Who knows what it was like behind the scenes. Does it matter? We have the comicbooks and the end result is tepid, at best, until half a year in. Do the comics get a lot better? No. But, something changes. There seems to be some nugget of interest and truth in them. What seemed like fumbling around becomes a larger theme...

Do the X-Men understand Warp Savant? No, and he ‘dies.’ Do the X-Men understand the mutants in the sewers? No, and many of them die. Do the X-Men understand the X Ranch? No, but they try a bit harder. Do the X-Men understand the X-Corps? No, and... they’re proven right. Do you see the problem? There’s a progression of the X-Men encountering something outside of their comfort zone, something new, and not knowing what to do with it. And they fail and keep struggling through. Would they have had to agree with Cassidy’s thinking behind the X-Corps? No. It could have been something as simple as a guarded respect without endorsement. Instead, it was evil mutant bullshit, Cassidy getting played, and Grant Morrison taking the name for their own purpose in New X-Men. Pop eats itself, eh?

I’ll give Casey credit. Even though it’s a dagger in my heart, in a way, the direction that the X-Corps story goes, he doesn’t give up. “When you ain’t got nothing, you got nothing to lose” as it were.

one seldom feels cheerful 22

As much as I appreciate the concept of the X-Corps as a non-X-Men entity working towards advancing mutant interests in a cooperative manner with humanity, there’s a scene in Uncanny X-Men #402 that holds greater importance. Call it a baby step towards where Joe Casey’s time on the title would end – and a sign of things to come well beyond. It’s a rather basic scene, one might even call dull by modern standards. It’s barely more than a gesture, honestly. We take what we can get.

Checking up on Sean Cassidy’s new X-Corps venture isn’t the only reason for the X-Men to be in Europe; they’re also there so that Warren Worthington III can address the leadership at a G8 Summit in Rome. Blue skin, wings out, nice suit on, he steps up in front of the leaders of the most powerful Western nations and begins by saying, “MY INTEREST HERE TODAY IS NOT AS A BUSINESSMAN... BUT AS A MUTANT.” Along with Charles Xavier outing himself as a mutant in New X-Men, this is a powerful moment towards progressing the concept of mutants in the world. It’s a far cry from the days of X-Factor where the original five X-Men posed as humans.

The idea of Warren going to the G8 Summit and using his position as owner of a large multinational corporation to actually speak on mutant issues is a bit more progressive than it may seem at first glance. We’re used to seeing the odd scene where Superman addresses the United Nations or Captain America speaks in Congress – the idea of superheroes temporarily entering the political realm for a quick word isn’t new. In this world, mutants are meant to be outcasts, feared and hated, legally hunted down in many cases. The genocide of Genosha is barely in the past. World leaders sitting and listening as a mutant talks about mutant issues is no small thing. And Warren using his considerable resources towards that end is a hint of where Casey would take both this title and Wildcats, exploring what it would mean to treat a corporation as a superhero.

The substance of Warren’s speech is actually fairly benign. A lot of attempt to calm down the world leaders, let them know that the X-Men are on the side of peaceful coexistence and not looking to upend the status quo. You could call is weak, particularly when set next to Xavier, Magneto, and Apocalypse’s meeting with world leaders... Yet, there are some more progressive ideas in the speech than appear on first glance. It’s very calculated as a first step to position not just the X-Men as the ‘reasonable’ mutants that can be worked with, but Warren specifically as the key person to work with. His initial emphasis that he’s a businessman, for example, is there to not-so-subtly remind everyone that he’s incredibly wealthy and of a certain social class. He may have blue skin and wings, but he’s also already part of the club. He can be thought of the same way they’d think of any owner/CEO of a multinational corporation. There’s a level of trust and comfort in Warren being the face of mutant politics.

Much of the speech is about acknowledging the possible fears, admitting that they are reasonable, meeting them on their terms, so that he can shift it to how reasonable and accommodating he and the X-Men are. He even points to the various different agendas in the mutant community and positions the X-Men as the group that will bring every other mutant in line. Even more importantly, he says “THE X-MEN ARE COMMITTED TO FURTHERING THE CAUSE OF MUTANT RIGHTS... BUT NOT AT THE EXPENSE OF THE HUMAN RACE. CONTRARY TO POPULAR OPINION, WE ARE NOT YOUR REPLACEMENTS.” It’s a lie, as we know, given Henry McCoy’s findings about humanity dying out in a few generations. It’s a lie couched in truths that Warren believes, though; he does believe that the X-Men are the only way forward for mutants and humans to exist together in peace, as we’ve seen by the almost visceral reaction to the X-Corps, a group that operates different from the X-Men but not dramatically so.

The smartest ploy in his speech comes at the end where Warren repositions the issue to something more palatable: “I COME TO YOU AS A POTENTIAL ALLY IN AN EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS THAT WE MUST NOT TAKE LIGHTLY. THIS IS NOT ABOUT GENETICS. THIS IS ABOUT POLITICAL EVOLUTION... SOCIAL EVOLUTION. / THIS IS ABOUT THE FUTURE, GENTLEMAN, AND I HAVE BROUGHT THE FIGHT TO YOU.” A few things happen in a small time frame here. First, Warren emphasises himself as a “potential ally,” which continues to put himself as the face of mutant politics. Then, he begins using language generally associated with mutants like ‘evolution,’ and, then, shifts it away from genetics, reframing it as political and social. Genetics can’t be managed, they’re absolutes. Politics and social concepts, though, are what these individuals work in and know, what they feel comfortable with. If you focus on the genetic difference between mutants and humans, it’s hard not to continually run into the us/them problem. If you treat it as a political/social issue, well, then it can be whatever you want. When Warren mentions the future and bringing the fight, he’s challenging them to envision the future that they want – that they control and how they can work with him to make mutants an asset in that future. It’s all about planting the idea that the issue of mutant rights can be used to their advantage... and Warren Worthington III, a fellow rich white man, is just the person to help them.

Casey had begun a few issues previously to toy with the idea of Warren’s wealth as a means to explore some different ideas about mutants in the world, specifically with the X Ranch brothel. That was a tease that is beginning to bear out here. It’s not a coincidence that Uncanny X-Men #402 came out a week or two after Adventures of Superman #612, the first issue of that revolutionary final year where Casey wrote thehero as a pacifist, and around six months or so before Wildcats Version 3.0 and Automatic Kafka would launch. Did you think that Uncanny X-Men was really that much of an outlier?

one seldom feels cheerful 21

The specifics of what the X-Men object to in Uncanny X-Men #402 about Sean Cassidy’s X-Corps almost don’t matter except for their capacity to reveal hypocrisy. I don’t know if that was the intent. This story is one of those stories where, immediately, what I was reading and interpreting seemed to differ from what was meant. After all, this is a comicbook starring the X-Men – typically, the stars of a comicbook are not meant to be made to look like hypocrites and fools. Yet, it seems like that’s the only interpretation one could have. Maybe it’s me. But, I stand by my interpretation that this is a story, however it plays out, about exploring the possibility of an alternate method to Xavier’s that is not inherently evil. (Even though it turned out to be inherently evil and I guess I should’ve known because ACAB and all.) So, the litany:

The first sin that Cassidy commits is simply doing something different. When I say the X-Men, I’m referring to Nightcrawler, Archangel, and Iceman. While Chamber and Stacy X are both there, they’re relegated to a few mumbled comments, not direct critical conversation. Looking at the main trio, all have been part of groups that splintered off from the X-Men to approach the mutant issue their own way. Excalibur was similarly European and formed out of the seeming death of the X-Men, but, quickly, turned into a cross-dimensional magic focused sort of mutant team that wasn’t really in sync with Xavier’s mission. It didn’t really engage with The Dream until well into its run, if I recall correctly. During it’s hayday under Chris Claremont and Alan Davis, it was something else entirely. And no one told that crew that they were allowed to do what they did.

The more egregious group is the original X-Factor, of which Iceman and Archangel were both members. The original five X-Men pretending to be human mutant-hunters, feeding into anti-mutant sentiment to save mutants. That’s a fairly large different from The Dream. It shows a certain practicality and, upon reflection, is a fairly direct antecedent to X-Corps. (Has Casey escaped Claremont to fall under the sway of Simonson?) For them to question what Cassidy is doing, particularly on an initially small amount of information, is brash and completely unaware, at worst entitled.

The second sin is the militaristic approach Sean takes. Using Multiple Man as his one-man support staff, there’s a speedy and efficiency on display, backed up by Cassidy’s confidence and knowledge, that gives off the impression that X-Corps is quite adept at what they do. Yet, there’s little that Cassidy does that you couldn’t imagine Cyclops doing. The same decisiveness, the same no nonsense direct talk, the same efficient competence... How could an alternative to the X-Men actually be well run? (I love that Stacy X ominously wondering why all of the people working at X-Corps look exactly alike is never directly answered, leaving the very concept of Multiple Man as another criticism or suggestion of something sinister at play here...)

The third sin is that the X-Corps uses former villains as the “Bastard Squad” of field operatives. Avalanche, Surge, and Blob are all put into play with Avalanche taking the lead and saying things like “YOU WANNA LEAVE A JOB LIKE THIS TO THE PROFESSIONALS.” The X-Men express deep concerns over employing former villains as if, firstly, Sean Cassidy isn’t one himself; secondly, Emma Frost, his former co-headmaster, isn’t one also and currently a member of the X-Men in New X-Men; or, thirdly, the long, long history of villainous mutants joining the X-Men when the mood suited them or Charles Xavier. Magneto was once in charge of the school, after all. Perhaps, it’s that the villains don’t seem ideologically motivated... it’s never stated directly, but the implied reason for their presence and compliance is that they’re employees. Their stake in Cassidy’s new group is a financial one and that’s somehow less than acceptable. Easy for the beneficiaries of Xavier’s wealth – or Archangel’s own wealth – to pretend like money could never be a legitimate motive. It may be the only legitimate motive for men like Avalanche, Surge, and Blob at this point, honestly. They’ve all heard the sales pitch for The Dream and turned it down; giving them a job to be ‘good’ is the better of the available options.

All of their objections seem to boil down to the first one: who is Sean Cassidy is decide on his own direction for human/mutant relations without permission?

It actually reminds me of a trend that I noticed at DC during the late ‘90s/early ‘00s where it seems like every few years, one of the ‘Big Seven’ members of the Justice League would ‘go rogue’ and try to ‘make the world a better place,’ bringing them into conflict with the rest of the JLA. Superman, Batman, Aquaman, Wonder Woman... each took their turn deciding to act upon their personal morality and it was always greeted with selective amnesia of the previous times this happened, and always with a unified moral outrage that anyone could do such a thing. It’s about a collective moral adherence to the status quo, which is an external mandate from outside the world of the superhero comicbooks. That’s why it always feels like my reading of this story is wrong. I can’t believe that Marvel would want me to think that there’s a point to the X-Corps and that the X-Men look hypocritical and unaware of their own history and actions.

Early on in the issue, Nightcrawler talks about how they’re all on the ‘front lines’ of human/mutant relations and asks Cassidy, “IS THIS THE MESSAGE WE WANT TO SEND?” His response both sums up his perspective and the exact problem that the X-Men have with it: “THIS IS THE MESSAGE I WANT TO SEND.” That singular perspective that goes against the collective, against the singular influence... we can’t have that. Right?